Children with cancer usually have weakened immune systems due to cancer or cancer treatments. This means they are more susceptible to illness and infection. Patients and families can help prevent illness and reduce the risk of infection by following some simple steps.
Handwashing
The best way to prevent infection is by frequently washing hands with soap and water. Alcohol-based hand sanitizer can also be used. Healthcare providers and caregivers should follow good hand hygiene practices when providing care.
Practicing good personal hygiene habits
Simple daily self-care is important for preventing infection. This includes brushing teeth and maintaining good oral hygiene, daily bathing, protecting the skin, and following the medical team’s advice for wound and catheter care.
Keeping the patient’s areas clean
For some children with weakened immune systems, harmful germs may be present even in dust and unclean objects. Basic cleaning of floors and surfaces can help reduce the risk of infection. Pay special attention to any areas where the child receives medical care. Toys and other items children use can carry germs. Clean toys and electronics regularly. Wash soft toys, blankets, and linens in hot water. Change bedding and sheets consistently.
Avoiding contact
Stay away from sick people. Even colds can be dangerous for patients with weak immune systems. Some patients may need to wear special masks to filter out germs. Sick family members can wear masks to reduce the risk of spreading germs to the patient.
Getting vaccinated
Caregivers and family members should follow vaccination recommendations, including for flu (influenza) and pertussis (whooping cough). Patients should be vaccinated according to their doctors’ advice. Some patients with weakened immune systems cannot receive certain vaccines, especially live vaccines. This makes it even more important for those around them to be vaccinated.
Being cautious about diarrhea
Cancer patients can get diarrhea due to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or infection. Wash hands and disinfect surfaces. Wear gloves when changing diapers.
Being careful
Things you might not usually think about can be sources of infection for children with weak immune systems. Talk to your medical team about these potential risks:
- Fresh flowers – Flowers and plants can contain bacteria and fungi that might be harmful.
- Pets and animals – Avoid contact with non-pet animals. Ensure pets are vaccinated, healthy, and bathed regularly.
- Dust and dirt – Some patients can get sick from aspergillus and other germs found in dust and dirt.
- Crowds and swimming pools – Some children need to avoid these places to reduce the risk of illness.
Thinking about food safety
Wash hands before preparing and eating food, and keep food preparation areas clean. Store and cook food properly. Wash fruits and vegetables before eating. Talk to your doctor about any foods to avoid, and follow dietary guidelines.
Infection risk and cancer
Children with weak immune systems cannot fight infections like those with healthy immune systems. Common illnesses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or flu can be very serious for children with cancer. Some patients may also be at risk for aspergillosis, a common fungus found in the air. Children with low immunity are more prone to infections and find it harder to recover from them when they occur.
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